Sunday, May 14, 2023

Lost in Translation


 









































Sofia Coppola with her famous Dad, Francis Ford Coppola

Writer/director Sofia Coppola


Coppola on the set with Scarlett Johansson

Coppola and Johansson


Coppola on the set with Bill Murray












LOST IN TRANSLATION          A-                                                                                           USA  Japan  (102 mi)  2002  d: Sofia Coppola

I spent a lot of time in Tokyo in my twenties and I really wanted to make a film around my experience of just being there.  That was the starting point.  I got married not long before and kind of felt isolated.  I was in this stage where I wasn’t sure if I’d made the right choices or what I was doing in the post-college beginning of my adult life.                                  —Writer/director Sofia Coppola in Simon Brand interview from Little White Lies, August 26, 2018, Sofia Coppola on Lost in Translation at 15 

Listed at #1 on the 2003 year-end Village Voice Film Poll and Best Movies of 2003 | Film Comment's 2003 Critics' Poll, becoming a huge commercial success, where a $4 million dollar movie earned nearly $120 million dollars, yet this is the movie that drew attention to female directors.  Yes, Sofia Coppola is the daughter of celebrated director Francis Ford Coppola, so she has a leg up on everybody else, but nonetheless, this drew plenty of critical praise, drawing attention to what was uniquely different about her style and that of her infamous father, who served as an executive producer of the film.  While this didn’t start a feminist revolution in the industry, it was among the first times that a woman’s film was taken seriously, provoking different reactions from men and women, pitting mainstream Hollywood versus independent, feminism and auterism, in many ways altering our view in how we evaluate motion pictures.  Even critics who appreciated the film also derided Coppola for displaying a lack of depth, expressing a mindset that she was simply handed the reins, along with boatloads of money, from her more distinguished father in order to make the films she wanted, as many seemed obsessed with her status as the daughter of a major American filmmaker, given special privilege and offered opportunities other women lacked, all of which suggests a cinema of self-indulgence.  When French New Wave directors, almost exclusively male, rejected the traditional cinema of old and injected a more personal flair into their movies, it was met with a euphoric wave of approval, where the term “liberating” suggested a generational passing of the torch.  Sofia Coppola’s films, on the other hand, while not explicitly feminist, lay a foundation for an alternate path that repositions the male aesthetic into a cinema that at the very least expresses an awareness of female concerns, more interested in exploring a rich, interior life, drawing heavily from her own personal experiences, while at the same time engaging in an adversarial position from the traditional Hollywood model.  While Coppola’s privileged position in Hollywood does set her apart from other women filmmakers, her films embody a post-feminist culture that empowers women in radically different ways, providing the perspective of a young, female protagonist, often without voice in their environment, serving as a prolonged exploration into the way they are objectified, idealized, and defined by their surrounding society, and then subverts those expectations by introducing a different style and texture to the film itself, where the style actually becomes the substance, offering a challenging new way to view and interpret what we’re seeing onscreen, though in many ways it resembles a European arthouse sensibility.  For instance, the opening shot of the film is a prolonged take of a transparently pink, panty-clad rear end lying on a hotel bed facing away from the audience, Lost In Translation - Opening Scene - YouTube (2:11), with Charlotte, Scarlett Johansson, only 17 at the time, first appearing in the Coen brother’s THE MAN WHO WASN’T THERE (2001) and Terry Zwigoff’s Ghost World (2001), typically viewed as an object of desire from the male gaze, much like the obligatory shot of Brigitte Bardot’s naked backside in Godard’s Contempt (Le Mépris) (1963), yet as the camera lingers, viewers become a participant in the changing experience.  Charlotte is often seen lounging around the hotel room in various states of undress, wearing just a T-shirt and panties, curled up against a windowpane, staring out a hotel window in an aerial view from an upper floor of the far-reaching panoramic landscape of the city below, with the camera looking over her shoulder, asking viewers to gaze along with her, not at her, far more interested in conveying her personalized experience, LOST IN TRANSLATION - I'll be at the Bar YouTube (1:42).

Coppola claimed she had Johansson in mind ever since seeing Lisa Krueger’s girls-on-the-run movie, MANNY AND LO (1996), narrated by Johansson, “She was like 12 years old and I just loved her.  She had that husky voice even then and seemed mature beyond her years.  There was some quality about her that stood out and I connected with.  She’s able to convey a lot without saying anything.  I had a feeling about her.  I wasn’t surprised she went on to do lots of different things after but I’m surprised when I look back at how young she was.  She was only 17.”  The jet-lagged setting in Tokyo was largely influenced by the director’s own experiences when visiting Japan, having stayed in the luxurious accommodations of the Park Hyatt Tokyo Japan hotel located on the top 14 floors of the 52 story Shinjuku Park Tower building when promoting her first film, THE VIRGIN SUICIDES (1999).  This minimalist film builds on the independent film tradition that emerged out of the 1990’s with the commercial success of the Sundance Film Festival, as well as the introduction of the DVD, which made independent films readily available, allowing film studies to develop courses around a burgeoning film movement set apart from the conventional or mainstream cinema.  Coppola’s Oscar-winning script, unusually short at only seventy pages, (Lost In Translation script), was written with the low-key, deadpan style of comedian Bill Murray in mind, claiming the film would never have been made without him, not only trapped in a foreign country with no safety net, but also caught in the uncertainties of an existential mid-life crisis.  It’s also easy to see the personal connection between the filmmaker and neglected wife Charlotte, a recent Yale philosophy graduate who acknowledges a directionless aspect to her life, disappointed with her attempts at writing and photography, fields Coppola explored before becoming a filmmaker, while Charlotte’s self-involved photographer husband John (Giovanni Ribisi, the narrator in THE VIRGIN SUICIDES), hasn’t a clue what his wife is experiencing, always abandoning her to run off on an all-day and sometimes into-the-night work assignment, resembling Coppola’s husband at the time, film and music-video director Spike Jonze, maker of Being John Malkovich (1999), ADAPTATION (2002), and Her (2013), initially meeting on the set of a Sonic Youth music video, with the couple filing for divorce two months after the release of the film.  With a small film crew in tow, led by cinematographer Lance Acord, who also worked with Spike Jonze, they employed a mobile, guerilla style of shooting, appearing in random locations throughout Tokyo, shooting on the fly, never securing permits, relying upon bystanders on the street as extras, yet this gives the film a documentary style, while also allowing improvisation both in dialogue and in shooting extended wordless sequences to take the place of the sparsely written script, with second-unit footage of the city shot by Coppola’s older brother Roman.  They did encounter unexpected delays from having to translate with those who were hired locally, resulting in some cross-cultural misunderstandings, becoming a key component to the film, exaggerated to comic effect with Bob Harris (Bill Murray) shooting his whisky commercial, an aging film star where the lure of $2 million dollars brings him to Tokyo, yet the lengthy directions aggressively spoken to him in Japanese followed by such a passive and shortly-worded English translation is reduced to skit-like parody, causing confusion and disorientation, where viewers are just as easily confounded.  In an amusing aside, when Francis Ford Coppola was in the Philippines preparing to shoot APOCALYPSE NOW (1979), he discovered that Japanese legend Akira Kurosawa was struggling to finance his next picture, so he and George Lucas agreed to help him out, with Coppola flying to Japan to star in a Suntory whisky commercial with Kurosawa, an event that provided a source of inspiration for this film.   While other films of the era were relying upon a conversion to digital cameras, Coppola bucked the trend and preferred shooting on 35mm, which elevates the color saturation, particularly in night shots, where the neon-lit Tokyo skyline is particularly compelling, enhanced by an otherworldly feel that Tokyo naturally exudes, matched only by the luminous Tokyo sequences in Edward Yang’s Yi Yi: A One and a Two... (2000).  The predominate theme is dislocation, yet the experience of being isolated in such a massive foreign metropolis, cut off from language and any sense of familiarity, allows Coppola to convey that unintelligible feeling purely by mood and atmosphere, where not much ever happens, yet viewers deeply internalize the experience.  

Reminiscent of Lawrence Kasdan’s romantic drama THE ACCIDENTAL TOURIST (1988), which delves into the complications of relations, with numerous shifts of tone within a compressed emotional range, these “accidental tourists” are similarly lost amidst a fast-paced, modernist landscape that occasionally borders on the absurd, embellishing what amounts to a “brief encounter.”  Charlotte, in her early 20’s, is just half the age of Bob, yet she’s just beginning to experience the transformative process of growing into herself as an individual, while Bob is inundated by the shifting priorities in the second half of life, where his wife and kids have learned to live without him during his long absences, while he’s forced to re-examine his life in a different context.  Accordingly, during his nighttime arrival in Tokyo, with a bleary-eyed, jet-lagged view of the city from the back of his cab, he’s only semi-consciously awake in the ride to the hotel, yet there’s a surreal moment, like a dream landscape, when he sees a brightly lit billboard containing his own image in a Suntory whisky ad, Lost In Translation: Bill Murray first time in Tokyo (Death in Vegas - Girls) YouTube (1:25).  Both Charlotte and Bob suffer from insomnia at night, leading to late-night visits to the bar, which is how they meet, Lost in Translation (2003) - 'What Are You Doing Here' Clip YouTube (3:11), developing an immediate rapport, as she laughs at all his jokes, and in a sea of culture shock confusion that is enveloping them, they actually have intelligent conversations, where it’s her astutely discerning, grown-up responses to his off-the-cuff remarks that initially attract his interest, both providing effortless and naturalistic performances that are among the best in their entire careers (Murray has indicated this is his personal favorite), where their extraordinary performances really ARE the film.  While he is lost and disoriented in the streets, unable to mix with locals because of language and cultural barriers, inevitably ending up back in his hotel room channel surfing through bizarre local shows, much of this film is seen through the muted yet curious eyes of Charlotte, who has no one else to talk to, much less confide in, as she takes solitary excursions on her own, often overwhelmed by the exotic allure of Japan, with its Zen-like connection to historical antiquity, equally fascinated by the manic obsession with Western culture, amused by the sheer excitement of their fandom.  With both characters fighting to maintain a spirit of independence, refusing to be defined by others, she dons a pink wig, copied by Natalie Portman in CLOSER (2004), as they go on a zany adventure together through the labyrinth of the city, where their memorable choices of karaoke songs are reflective of their inner feelings, Lost in Translation | Scarlett Johansson & Bill Murray's Wild Night in Tokyo YouTube (7:02).  Even her unconventional connection to Bob is not based on attraction or lust, but deeper human connections, both feeling excluded in their marriages, having to look inward for answers, yet getting philosophical about your own life leaves you on the outside looking in, feeling distanced and melancholic, as we mostly experience the city through her eyes.  Bob, and especially Charlotte, are sometimes bored and often confused by the strip clubs, karaoke bars, and Buddhist temples they visit, yet one solitary journey to Kyoto to visit the Nanzen-ji temple becomes an enthralling sequence, a lovely ode to the poetic beauty of Japan, perfectly capturing the transcendent stillness in a wordless cinematic reverie accompanied by an electronic instrumental track from Air, Alone in Kyoto - Lost in Translation (HD) YouTube (2:56).  The film did not play well before Japanese audiences while receiving backlash from critics who claimed it not only stereotyped Japan, but reduced Japanese characters to racist tropes, subject to offensive humor that would not be acceptable today.  While that may be true, it does reflect how visitors to another country bring their own racist values with them, never pretending to provide an accurate view of Japan, but the film is intentionally distorted, hence the title, to reflect a spectator’s skewed conception.  In this regard it shares a distinctly Western gaze into the East with the same incomprehensible fascination as Wim Wenders’ pilgrimage honoring Ozu in Tokyo-Ga (1985), similarly caught up in the mysteries of the surreal landscape, with both films turning into exercises of empathy.

While the limitations of their respective marriages are glaringly exposed, John never seems to have a moment to spare for Catherine, and when he does finally show up he’s too exhausted to stay awake, where his insufferable snoring is a constant reminder of why she can’t sleep.  John seems to respond much more animatedly to the fawning attention from a ditzy blond actress (Anna Faris) they run into at the hotel than he does to her (a veiled reference to actress Cameron Diaz), suggesting their relationship lacks the spontaneity and emotional depth she craves, while Bob’s life is continually interrupted by faxes from his wife Lydia reminding him of banal duties he needs to fulfill when he gets home, who’s birthday he forgot, what child’s recital is coming up, even sending him cabinet specifications and carpet samples that he needs to select for a home project.  He’s inundated by the trivialization of their unhappy phone calls which sound so coldly impersonal (voiced by the film’s costume designer, Nancy Steiner), where the weight of the mundane aspects of marriage have suddenly taken over, leaving him exasperated and wanting to escape.  Charlotte, on the other hand, tries to divert herself from her unhappy marriage by seeking knowledge and comfort in various aspects of Japanese culture, listening to monks chanting in a Buddhist temple, or learning the art of flower arranging, even adding ornamental touches to her hotel room, but discovers the unfathomable divide is too great, and instead is left feeling shallow and empty, where listening to a self-help audio tape offers no relief, with both seemingly stuck at a lonely impasse.  Even if only fleetingly, Bob and Catherine seem to hit it off in a faraway land, displaying a quick wit, communing on the same wavelength while trying to figure it out, bombarded by a language and culture they fail to understand, where furtive glances and long silences become the language of choice, dropping visual clues, exuding in the restraint of Rohmer’s CLAIRE’S KNEE (1970), where the mere suggestion of a touch resonates deeply.  Part of the beauty of the film is how it encapsulates the importance of all these fleeting moments that seem small, but are actually monumental, as we’re never immersed in the totality of their lives, but in the profound significance of this particular moment in this particular place, always accentuated by an incredible soundtrack that exists in perfect harmony, like subliminal messages accentuating interior themes, Lost in Translation - Soundtrack - Full Album (2003) YouTube (53:59).  With constantly shifting nocturnal images of the sleepless nights, they find themselves drinking sake and watching Fellini’s LA DOLCE VITA (1960) on television in Japanese, yet this also provides an opportunity to open up and share a personal moment together, shot with reflective glass images, offering a window into their souls in one of the most poignant and tender scenes, actually getting lost in each other, while still keeping a safe distance, Lost in Translation | Scarlett Johansson & Bill Murray's Sleepover Heart-to-Heart YouTube (7:41).  Dwarfed by the rapturous elegance of a spatial divide, it’s all about their tenuous relationship to that space, finding texture in architectural designs, gorgeous city landscapes, and bustling street activity, where there’s even an Olympic-size swimming pool surrounded by full-length windows, as the hotel room becomes a protective cocoon, emblematic of their subdued confinement within that space, surrounded by plush accommodations that only the rich can afford, and while this hits the mark in Coppola’s case, there’s a kind of wish-fulfillment aspect to this artificially created dreamscape, an imaginary tourist excursion that most of us can never afford, creating a kind of fantasyland for viewers.  Yet the emotional impact of the film is unmistakable, and completely accessible, built by a developing level of intimacy that feels authentic, where viewers are transported into the psychological depth of their experience, finding it intoxicating in many respects, each character obviously moved by the other, invested by the rush of emotions extending into the ambiguity of the finale, Lost in Translation, by Sofia Coppola - Ending scene (2003) (with Scarlett Johanson & Bill Murray) YouTube (5:16).  This is Sofia Coppola’s finest hour, buoyed by the magic of her understated, observational style and those endearing lead performances. 

Loneliness alone and surrounded by others (Lost In Translation)  wordless visual commentary from Frauke Cosemans set to the music of Air, YouTube (3:23)

Sofia Coppola Lost in Translation - The Directors Series  video analysis from Cameron Beyl, YouTube (13:12)

Friday, May 5, 2023

The Quiet Girl (An Cailín Ciúin)







 


























Director Colm Bairéad

Catherine Clinch and Andrew Bennett on the set

Producer Cleona Ní Chrualaoí, partner of the director

Irish writer Claire Keegan


















































THE QUIET GIRL (An Cailín Ciúin)          B                                                                                 Ireland  (95 mi)  2022  d: Colm Bairéad 

If you were mine, I’d never leave you in a house with strangers.                                            —Eibhlín (Carrie Crowley)

This is a film that is not what you expect, subdued, carefully measured, and small in scope, where the entire film is little more than a girl goes and stays with relatives, filled with everyday moments that suggest nothing out of the ordinary, yet it builds emotional complexity by creating plenty of room to breathe, allowing viewers moments of quiet reflection, something not often accessible in films of today, giving this a literary feel, where time is enlarged and expanded, very patiently developing an intrinsic relationship to Irish culture by accentuating the importance of the land and the language.  Adapted from an 85-page extended short story entitled Foster, Foster | The New Yorker (an abridged version), by Wexford author Claire Keegan, which won the Davy Byrnes Irish Writing Award in 2009, at the time the world’s richest prize for a story, now part of the school syllabus in Ireland, especially known for its warm empathy and astute observations of people, with the director, whose background is in documentaries, clearly inspired by Lynne Ramsay’s early short film GASMAN (1998), Lynne Ramsay's 1970s Christmas in Scotland YouTube (14:19), which ranks among his all-time favorites, intent on bringing his native language back to the screen.  Listed at #22 of The 50 best films of 2022 | Sight and Sound - BFI, while also among the five Oscar finalists in Best International Feature, one unique aspect of the film is its language, spoken entirely in Irish, winning seven out of ten categories at the Irish Film and Television Awards, becoming the highest-grossing Irish language film of all time, and the only one to receive an Oscar nomination.  While Gaelic refers to a group of languages, the Republic of Ireland’s official language is called Gaeilge, the name for Irish in the Irish language, yet despite being constitutionally declared the country’s official language in 1922 and a compulsory subject in Irish schools, Gaeilge’s usage has declined to the point of being declared endangered by the United Nations, estimating there are only 20,000 to 40,000 Irish speakers worldwide.  Instead, English has become the dominant spoken language of the country, a colonial legacy left behind by the British.  The history of films produced in the Irish language is disappointingly thin, Fís Éireann: Irish Language Films, where Bob Quinn’s POITÍN (1978) was the first feature film to be made entirely in Irish, and it would be thirty years before the next one, while other notable examples only utilize the language briefly, like John Sayle’s THE SECRET OF ROAN INISH (1994), Ken Loach’s The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006), Steve McQueen’s HUNGER (2008), or John Michael McDonagh’s The Guard (2011).  For many speakers of the Irish language, this may be the first opportunity to hear that language spoken onscreen, given Ireland’s history of suppressing its own language on screens, in classrooms, and in homes in favor of English.  As a minority language, it’s only spoken in certain regions, in the west and northwest, and only occasionally in the south where this story is set.  One person who valiantly fought to hold onto that language is the director’s father, a teacher who only speaks Irish, helping set up an Irish-speaking school in Northern Dublin that included actor Brendan Gleeson as a student.  According to Bairéad in Motherland, Father Tongue - Curzon, he grew up in a bilingual household where his mother spoke English but his father spoke only Irish, claiming “He did this simply out of a deep-rooted belief in the value of language and a conviction that our own, declining native tongue was something worth saving.”

Most films shot in Ireland emphasize the lush greenery of the landscapes, like John Ford’s THE QUIET MAN (1952), David Lean’s Ryan's Daughter (1970), or Martin McDonagh’s The Banshees of Inisherin (2022), but this does not, instead we’re often stuck inside narrowly compressed rooms, the backseat of a car, or glancing out the window of a small kitchen, where an everpresent painting of Jesus Christ hangs on the wall.  The film retains the story’s 1981 setting, a time of turmoil in Ireland where jobs were few, money was scarce, and the violence and civil unrest from the Troubles dominated the lives of ordinary citizens (How the Troubles Began in Northern Ireland - HISTORY), yet those discussions are absent here, told instead from a child’s perspective, withholding adult conversations that wouldn’t have been understood, while also avoiding all sentimentality.  However, by eliminating the first-person perspective of the story, with no added narration, Bairéad instead utilizes silences, relying upon subtleties in capturing the loneliness and sadness of a melancholic, emotionally withdrawn nine-year-old Cáit (Catherine Clinch), as we find ourselves in rural Ireland, 1981, with Cáit seen at the outset hidden in the tall grasses of a field, listening to the sounds of nature, far away from the harsh reality of her dysfunctional family.  When she returns to her house, we quickly realize why she craves solitude, isolated even within her own family, living a life in fear of everything around her, unloved by her parents, neglected by her many siblings who are loud and obnoxious, while ridiculed by her school peers for being a slow student, where it’s evident that poverty has stripped this world of its humanity, with escape from reality being her only recourse, as she desperately tries to find her own way in the world.  Her father (Michael Patric) appears to have drinking and gambling problems, as he gambled away the money to pay workers to cultivate their fields, leaving the family even more destitute and financially troubled, with too many mouths to feed, while her mother (Kate Nic Chonaonaigh) is already worn out and exhausted with more children than she can handle, as an unattended baby is always heard crying in the background, with another child on the way (contraception was inaccessible at that time), while Cáit is viewed as the problem child who has a tendency to wet the bed, reducing her to shame, becoming lost in her own world of daydreams.  So her mother arranges for the troublesome Cáit to spend the summer with her older, distant cousin Eibhlín (Carrie Crowley) and her husband Seán (Andrew Bennett), dairy farmers who live three hours away in Waterford County in southern Ireland, THE QUIET GIRL / AN CAILÍN CIÚIN (2022) movie clip YouTube (2:30), where her father is in such a rush to get back home that he leaves her suitcase in the back seat of the car as he drives off.  Abandoned by her family, left with people who may as well be strangers, with nothing whatsoever that’s familiar to her, the feeling she gets is like being dropped off on a distant planet, having no inkling what to expect, reminiscent of the sad young girls in Céline Sciamma’s Petite Maman (2021).  The dialogue is minimalist, with much of the neo-realist story conveyed without words, including period television programs heard running in the background, with a tender piano and strings-infused score composed by Stephen Rennicks, who also wrote the music for Lenny Abrahamson’s 2014 Top Ten List #10 Frank and Room (2015), resulting in a deceptively simple production, where the relationships are scarcely drawn, composed of recurring moments that reflect a life of growing up on a farm, where there are animals and chores and plenty of fresh air, and seemingly miles between neighbors.    

Cáit’s parents simply have too much on their hands to figure out what’s at the root of her inward nature, painfully shy and preferring not to speak mostly, perhaps overcompensating for the lack of attention she never seems to receive in the boisterous clutter of her home life.  Eibhlín, on the other hand, shows her kindness straightaway, very attentive to her needs, tenderly bathing her, brushing her hair, and dressing her in old clothes more suitable for farm work, while Seán remains more distant and withdrawn, busily tending to the daily work around the farm.  In something of a surprise, Eibhlín provides a moral foundation by telling her, “There are no secrets in this house.  Where there’s a secret, there’s shame—and shame is something we can do without.”  Nonetheless, when Cáit accompanies Seán on some daily chores in the barn, but wanders off, he becomes inexplicably angry at her, dispelling any notion of tranquility in the air, suggesting something far deeper lies under the surface, where secrets abound in this gigantic home that is strangely empty.  Thoroughly displeased by his impulsive response, Seán gradually displays more patience, impressed by her willingness to help sweep up in the barn (she was actually searching for another broom when she wandered off earlier) or help feed a young calf, leaving behind little biscuit treats at the breakfast table, before inventing a game to see how fast she can pick up the mail each day, running to the end of a long tree-lined road and back, something she fully enjoys, finally making her feel good about herself.  When an old neighbor dies, she witnesses a funeral service, with one of the women looking after her for a while, allowing Eibhlín and Seán to help out with the guests, but as some neighbors often do, she grows nosy, curious why she’s spending the summer before blurting out shocking personal information that takes Cáit completely by surprise, opening up old wounds, reverting back to her withdrawn demeanor, which is a a noticeable setback.  Taking her aside, Seán assures her, “You don’t have to say anything.  Always remember that.  Many’s a person who missed the opportunity to say nothing and lost much because of it.”  Both mirror each other’s personalities, stoically introverted, lacking the social grace of others, but thoughtful and hard workers nonetheless.  The cinematography by Kate McCullough captures the charm of the Irish countryside, with the sunlight flickering through the trees, with Eibhlín showing her the magic of a hidden well with “secret” skin care properties, yet a moonlit walk to the sea may be the most unforgettable setting, luminous and elegiaic, expressing its own poetry, mirroring an unseen inner transformation taking place while also conveying a child’s innocent but always careful and insightful observations of the world.  On a parallel track, Seán also sings a song in Irish-Gaelic, which is heard but never seen, one of the small wonders beautifully interwoven into the film.  A gentle and restrained story of innate kindness contrasted against the stark neglect and abuse of her home life, the dramatic power is achieved through a meticulous rhythmic structure built upon daily routines, where the accumulation of small, mundane moments resembles the precision of Chantal Akerman’s Jeanne Dielman, 23, quai du Commerce,1080 Bruxelles (1976), newly listed at #1 on the BFI Sight and Sound greatest films of all time poll (Revealed: the results of the 2022 Sight and Sound Greatest ...), especially the way it leads to a cathartic emotional release at the end, with buried emotions finally rising to the surface, conveying the pervasive influence of intergenerational trauma.