Men Go to Battle

MEN GO TO BATTLE          B-       

USA  (98 mi)  2015  ‘Scope  d:  Zachary Treitz                     Official site

A minimalist film tangentially set during the Civil War, while remaining mostly on the periphery, using a somewhat abstract narrative technique, loosely resembling the more highly acclaimed film set during the Holocaust by László Nemes, Son of Saul (Saul Fia)  (2015), where the artistic stylization actually tells the story.  The rural setting is Smalls Corner, Kentucky in November 1861, where we meet two knuckleheads for brothers, Francis (David Maloney) and Henry (Tim Morton) Mellon, both living inside a claustrophobic one-roomed shack with no windows, apparently on the outskirts of town, where they are tolerated by the rest of society.  Owners of a hundred acres of inherited land that has been grown over by weeds and tall grass, it currently yields no crops and is on the verge of ruin, where Francis is interested in getting what he can for it, while Henry is of the opinion they should work the land.  These guys don’t really discuss the details with each other, but simply act impulsively on their own, often to their own detriment, especially Francis, the older and more reckless of the two, whose aggressive pranks tend to be mean-spirited, usually seen picking on his younger brother for sport.  In this way they are viewed as a couple of numbskulls without any real education between them, but they are part of the landscape, even invited, occasionally, to social functions by the one family of means, the Smalls, owners of the general store in town, and one of the few families that can afford slaves for servants, though it’s clearly evident they don’t trust them.  Nonetheless, the film establishes an easygoing rhythm of life in this small rural community, with the Mellon brothers striving for significance.  At an outdoor festivity organized by the Smalls, Francis doesn’t so much ask Betsy Smalls, Rachel Korine, wife of director Harmony Korine, previously seen in Spring Breakers (2012), to dance, seemingly the only available unattached girl in town, but grabs her instead in a drunken state and starts prancing around like a wild man, eventually losing his balance and falling awkwardly into a mud puddle, embarrassing himself completely.  It’s unclear whether he did this on his own or if Betsy might have shoved him, though he bears the brunt of the humiliation.  When Henry walks into town the next day, just to say hello to Betsy in her father’s store, he may have been trying to save face for his dimwit brother.  

Henry has his own embarrassing moments, injuring his hand while roughhousing with Francis, where the brothers are forced to interrupt a lavish party at the Smalls residence in search of a doctor, who pulls Henry aside to mend his wound, while the uninvited Francis makes himself at home at the party.  Afterwards, Henry steps outside and happens upon Rachel, engaging in a kind of absurd Monty Python sketch as both aimlessly discuss the recent weather, a conversation that goes absolutely nowhere until she offers him a drink.  As if an invitation for more, Henry impulsively kisses her on the lips, drawing tears of sorrow from the young girl, as he’s obviously spoiled her romanticized vision of a “first” kiss.  It’s literally weeks afterwards that Francis receives a visit from Rachel, delivering a letter written by his brother Henry, reporting he has run off and joined the Union army, providing a place where he receives regular meals.  As both brothers are illiterate, someone else has to help them read and write all subsequent letters, which play prominently into the rhythm of the film, much like they did in the infamous Ken Burns The Civil War (1990) saga, where the bleak minimalism of this film acts as a crude counterpart to the grace and poetry obtained by Burns.  Not sure if this is intentional, but it’s hard not to think this pales in comparison, which may be a humorous riff by the director.  Made for just half a million dollars, the film has excellent production values, where the costumes in particular have the look of authenticity, including an armed combat unit.  The haphazard look of men bivouacked in the middle of nowhere creates a sense of unbalance, each one a long way from home, where there’s a sense of alienation felt throughout.  So early in the war, there’s also a belief that it will all be over soon, as the sense of utter devastation is yet to come.  One of the better scenes takes place in the quiet of a narrow river, where Johnny Reb and Billy Yank are on opposite shores, yet they have the decency to trade what they have, coffee for tobacco, where there’s an innate feeling that they are all on the same side of humanity separated by arbitrary boundaries. 

The film never explores the moral guidelines or political divisiveness of the war, yet the ramifications are explored, as there is talk of rebel soldiers landing in someone’s kitchen one morning, where feeding them breakfast was the only right and natural thing to do.  When Union soldiers, on the other hand, are seen out the window of the Smalls residence arriving in droves, it presents an altogether different feeling—one of an occupying force.  It’s through a letter that we learn the soldiers have commandeered the Smalls home for themselves, where we can only imagine the consequences.  Separated by geography and distance, Henry suddenly finds himself in the middle of a battle scene, which is altogether different from the stress-free marching and preparation time, as here they are walking into the throes of death, literally marching into firing range as both sides unleash volleys of bullets.  It feels a bit like Revolutionary War strategy, as armies are marched out into open battlefields where they are completely exposed, only to become sitting ducks.  It’s interesting that some of this was shot during contemporary Civil War reenactments, as history buffs from all over the country regularly meet at historical sites dressed in authentic military uniforms to restage historical battle scenes.  While this presents a problem, as some are obviously too old or overweight, soldiers at the time were likely to be emaciated teenagers, which is not exactly the demographic of the reenactors.  So the director had to target younger guys, placing his actors in their midst, creating an authentic look.  In order to accomplish this, the director, through cinematographer Brett Jutkiewicz, was influenced by the murky style of Andrea Arnold’s Wuthering Heights (Arnold) (2011), where the landscape is always engulfed in low-lying fog.  Additionally, much of this film is also shot indoors at night illuminated by natural candlelight, so it is often hard to see through the darkened shadows.  With no musical score, or even synchronized sound on the battlefield, this altered sense plays into the experience of the film, which feels multi-layered, given an almost experimental feel, where the shifting moods guide the viewer through the passage of time, offering multiple settings, with chapter headings reminding us of the new locales.  With a minimal storyline, much of it left ambiguous by the end, this only enhances the significance of the heightened mood and atmosphere established throughout.  It’s a small indie film, much of it barely there, and while it happens to focus upon two estranged brothers, it’s surprisingly Rachel Korine who has the strongest impact. 

The Seasons in Quincy: Four Portraits of John Berger

THE SEASONS IN QUINCY:  FOUR PORTRAITS OF JOHN BERGER      B+                  

Great Britian  (90 mi)  2016  d:  Tilda Swinton   co-directors:  Colin MacCabe, Bartek Dziadosz, and Christopher Ross                     Official Site

It seems now that I was so near to that war.

I was born eight years after it ended

When the General Strike had been defeated.

Yet I was born by Very Light and shrapnel

On duck boards

Among limbs without bodies.

I was born of the look of the dead

Swaddled in mustard gas

And fed in a dugout.

I was the groundless hope of survival

With mud between finger and thumb

Born near Abbeville.

I lived the first year of my life

Between the leaves of a pocket bible

Stuffed in a khaki haversack.

I lived the second year of my life

With three photos of a woman

Kept in a standard issue army paybook.

In the third year of my life

At 11am on November 11th 1918

I became all that was conceivable.

Before I could see

Before I could cry out

Before I could go hungry

I was the world fit for heroes to live in.

Self-Portrait, 1914-18, by John Berger, 1970, read out loud in the film by Tilda Swinton, Self-portrait 1914-18

Tilda Swinton’s intelligence and artistic sensibility comes center stage in this film, an unorthodox and thoroughly unconventional documentary examining in four segments (representing the four seasons) by four different directors the extraordinary life of John Berger, now almost 90, a revolutionary Marxist writer and British artist who is perhaps best known in his role as an art critic.  Much like Americans grew up watching and listening to New York Philharmonic director Leonard Bernstein on television in the late 50’s in a series of children’s programs describing the joys of music, Leonard Bernstein: Young People's Concerts | What Does Music .. YouTube (14:59), John Berger’s four-part 1972 BBC series “Ways of Seeing” changed the way many in Britain viewed art and culture, John Berger / Ways of Seeing, Episode 1 (1972) - YouTube (30:04), with Berger breaking down barriers and making art seem less coldly imposing and elite, while making it more understandable and accessible in an everyday real world where it’s simply a part of our lives.  Both projects happened during television’s infancy at a time when there were just a handful of stations, yet because there were so few other similarly challenging programs, these programs tend to be fondly remembered today with reverence, as if they helped shape who we are today.  In a strange way, Swinton again uses Berger in a primer course for adults in helping to explore our own humanity by sharing personal moments with him.  It’s a fascinating humanistic gesture born out of twenty years of friendship with the man, both born on identical days more than thirty years apart, November 5th, Guy Fawkes Day, each one children of soldiers that fought in world wars but never uttered a word about their experiences with their children, now parents of their own, where both maintain a fiercely individualistic relationship with art.  In the opening segment filmed a week before Christmas in 2010 entitled “Ways of Seeing,” Swinton visits Berger in his remote winter home in Quincy, a small mountainous village in the Rhône-Alpes region in France near the Swiss border where he’s been running a farm since the early 70’s with his American wife Beverly.  In the 70’s, Berger collaborated with Swiss filmmaker Alain Tanner as the screenwriter on several films, including LA SALAMANDRE (1971), THE MIDDLE OF THE WORLD (1974), and JONAH WHO WILL BE 25 IN THE YEAR 2000 (1976).  

We see both as old friends, having known each other since the 80’s when Swinton began her acting career working in Derek Jarman films, both working on a radical fringe, viewing one another as common allies in a free-spirited quest for independence, free of all political boundaries, both preferring the feel of natural soil beneath their feet, with Swinton living in the semi-wilderness Highland region in the north of Scotland, where she doesn’t even own a television, but instead takes pride in cooking with the vegetables that she grows, using eggs from her own prized hens.  In fact, she offers eggs as a personal gift, swearing they are the best tasting anywhere in the world.  Though she was born in London, with a family that can trace their lineage back to the 9th century, she identifies more with the Scots, claiming they are intrinsically wired for the hills and the sea.  Like so many others in her generation, she was influenced by Berger’s “Ways of Listening,” viewing him affectionately as an old teacher or professor, someone who profoundly inspires others not only to view art differently, but discover their own innate humanism.  When she so eloquently reads his Self-Portrait poem, she not only identifies with a military father (Berger’s father served as an officer in the trenches for four years in WWI while Swinton’s father is a decorated general who lost a leg in WWII) and this spirit of a renewed and rescued generation that was historically fought for in both world wars, but transforms the viewers in the process, as it’s a chilling, yet intensely personalized experience.  As they view drawings and paintings, they also listen intently and converse while Swinton slices and cuts apples in a similar manner to one of Berger’s childhood recollections, with both continuing to reflect a sense of challenge in the world around them.  In the next segment “Spring,” the only one where Berger is not present, the cows are released from their winter barns to roam the hillsides, which feels like such a natural part of farming life and the changing seasons, yet we also discover Berger’s wife Beverly has passed away, where we sense her absence even before we hear about it, with the entire segment becoming a poetic meditation on awareness and death.  It was Berger’s earlier book, A Seventh Man: Migrant Farmers in Europe (1975) that led to an interest in the places migrant workers were leaving behind, which were isolated rural communities.  Instead of going to college, Berger decided to live with a few of these lone, individual peasant farmers, seeking guidance as if they were scholars or monks, where instead of investigative books and study, these men spent long hours in the fields all day performing back-breaking work, so Berger worked side-by-side with them, learning the tools of the trade of men living in harmony with nature, which eventually led him to a humble village life in Quincy. 

But it was never that at all.  It was more to do with finishing A Seventh Man, and suddenly realising I didn’t know enough about the people I was writing about, about the actual experience of what you might call poor village life.  In fact, the kind of conditions of which I was ignorant were the kind of conditions the majority of the people were living in.  Still are, in fact.  And those conditions have worsened considerably.  Reading does not really help you understand those conditions, or find out how these people live.  One has to experience it first hand.

In the third segment “A Song for Politics,” director Colin MacCabe, a British film producer and literary critic who now edits the academic journal Critical Quarterly, convenes a leftist roundtable discussion that includes Berger, MacCabe, American poet Ben Lerner, Indian poet and social activist Akshi Singh, and German filmmaker Christopher Roth, shot in black & white, where what we see might be conjured up from the past, yet Berger offers his own assessment, “If one imagines trying to describe some of the things happening in the world today, now, it seems to me that, mostly, prose is inadequate, because the vocabulary of prose has become so discredited.  It is inadequate for describing what people are living across the world today.”  Instead, he suggests what’s missing are revolutionary songs, pulling out a flask before passing it around, where one imagines he could easily summon up various stages of his youth in protest, where instead we see images of resistance from Bella Ciao! - YouTube (3:16) and The Communist Internationale (Original, with English Lyrics) - Yo (1:56).  It should not be forgotten that Berger’s “Ways of Seeing” was considered controversial at the time, once flamboyantly described as “Mao’s Little Red Book for a generation of art students.”  Berger also suggests solidarity is not needed in heaven, but only in hell, a thought that gives the panel pause.  Like his friend and collaborator, photojournalist Sebastião Salgado, who depicts in photographs the most calamitous human conditions, as seen in Wim Wenders’ 2015 Top Ten List #4 The Salt of the Earth, Berger chronicles the lives of those who would otherwise go unnoticed throughout history.  As Ben Lerner conveys at one point, “While there is an unwavering commitment to a recognition of the hell that surrounds us…there is also openness, and attention to the sensual world that doesn’t go away…there is a total commitment to being alive, to the possibilities of the moment.”  Berger won the Booker Prize in 1972 for his experimental novel G, but then outraged established circles when he gave half the prize money to the London Black Panthers, using his acceptance speech to berate one of the award sponsors, Booker McConnell, blaming his family’s 130 year history of sugar cane production in the Caribbean as one of the major factors for the region remaining mired in poverty, John Berger on the Booker Prize (1972) - YouTube (1:16), claiming “The modern poverty of the Caribbean is the direct result of this and similar exploitation.”  The final episode, “Harvest,” bookends the first, as Swinton returns to Quincy with her twin children, Xavier and Honor, as they pay a visit to John’s son Yves, who lives and works on the farm, yet also paints.  Like a reflection of the opening segment, this segment mirrors the first, yet is seen largely through the optimistic eyes of the children.  Collecting raspberries from nearby vines, in a moment of grace they pay tribute to Berger’s wife Beverly by eating them with an accompanying photo of her nearby, where the living instinctively commune with the dead, though perhaps the most dramatic moment comes when Berger teaches Swinton’s obviously thrilled teenage daughter the joy of riding a motorbike.  With a modernized, new age soundtrack by Simon Fisher Turner interspersed throughout, the film is a contemplative, visually rich mosaic of a beautiful mind, an intellectual that never went to college, a Marxist that believes in God, and a novelist that became an iconic television star whose radical views on art culturally transported a nation.